There are a few different software options for Historical GIS and spatial humanities research but the main ones are going to be Esri's ArcGIS Pro and ArcGIS Online or open source software such as QGIS. All Michigan Tech students, faculty, and staff have access to ArcGIS Pro software and ArcGIS Online through their Michigan Tech SSO login. To get started with Esri products at Michigan Tech, please see my guide on ACCESSING ESRI GIS SOFTWARE AND WEB APPLICATIONS AT MICHIGAN TECH: ACCESSING ESRI WEB APPLICATIONS.
Desktop and cloud-based GIS Software in Historical GIS and the spatial humanities is often used for georeferencing historical maps, digitizing features from historical maps, and geocoding Census records or city directories. GIS software also has the capability of creating spatial 3D models for creating realistic 3D representations of what cities or towns looked like in the past.
There are numerous desktop and online commercial and open source tools available for Historical GIS and spatial humanities research. These tools will assist you by allowing you to create interactive GIS applications, geocode historical records, georeference historical maps, and create 3D representations of the past.